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Topics:
Youth
By
the People:
Citizenship Training in AmeriCorps
Manual
Index
Preface
Introduction: The Guide
Format and the Goals of AmeriCorps
Chapter One: The Framework:
Democracy, Citizenship, Politics and Service
Chapter Two: Encouraging (Civic) Responsibility
Chapter Three: Strengthening Community
(Capacity)
Chapter Four: Getting Things
Done
Chapter
Five: Expanding Opportunity
Resource
A: Glossary
Resource
B: Bibliography
Resource
C: More Resources
Contents
Resource
A: Glossary
Resource
B: Bibliography
Resource
C: More Resources
Resource
A: Glossary
The language
you use is important: It serves as a map and guide for effective
public action. Below is a quick list of the ideas and skills central
to this guide. Compare these definitions to what you came up with
earlier in this book.
Civic
Concepts
The ideas that define the way you work.
Citizenship:
The act of contributing to public life and participating in solving
public problems.
Democracy:
The idea that everyone has an active role to play governing our
public world.
Diversity:
The differences of ideas, opinions, histories, and cultures that
exist among any people. Using these differences to solve problems
is essential to citizenship and service.
Politics:
"The work of the citizen." The art and practice of working with
diverse people to solve public problems.
Power: "To
be able." The set of relationships you have to others that allows
you to make changes and solve problems. Examples include knowledge,
position, and numbers.
Public:
An organized group (outside of your immediate family and friends)
acting together to solve shared problems. You act differently
in public life than private life because you want to accomplish
different things.
Public Wisdom:
The community's memory of how everyone's actions combine to make
a difference over time. Using diversity to solve public problems
creates public wisdom.
Self-interest:
What is important to you and motivates you to become involved
in public life. Self-interest determines what you're willing to
act on.
Civic
Arts
The skills we must learn and use in order to make a difference.
Accountability:
Following through with an action you have agreed to do. Being
responsible for tracking the results of the action.
Active Listening:
The work that is required to understand others' self- interests.
Requires recognizing your own self-interest—and not letting
it get in the way of hearing a different perspective.
Disciplined
Anger: Harnessing your frustration in a way that helps solve problems.
Allows you to work with those you disagree with or whom you may
not like.
Evaluation:
Examining what worked, what could have worked better, and how
you felt about a public meeting, action, or event.
Creative
Thinking: The resourcefulness and open-mindedness to invent different
ways of solving public problems. In order to change what isn't
working, you must be able to envision a better way.
Interviewing:
Asking probing questions to learn about others' self- interests
and capacities.
Negotiation:
Finding solutions that everybody can live with, by expressing
your self-interest, discovering others' self-interest, discussing
the problem, and debating suggested solutions.
Power Analysis:
Figuring out who holds the power on a particular issue, why, and
how you can use this knowledge to solve public problems.
Public Judgment:
A consensus opinion about a situation or issue, which is created
after debate, discussion, and imagining alternatives. Opens the
door to many different solutions to any one problem.
Storytelling:
Using your past and your experiences to explain to others why
you believe what you believe and to describe what is important
to you.
Strategic
Planning: Creating a workplan to help frame your team's actions.
Suspending
Pre-judgment: Not allowing your own self-interest to affect what
you hear when others are describing their self-interests.
Resource
B: Bibliography
This bibliography
is arranged by core concepts and themes in this guide. It is a
partial bibliography, designed to point in some directions that
might be of interest.
Citizenship/Civic
Education
Adams, Frank,
Unearthing Seeds of Fire: The Idea of Highlander (Winston-
Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, 1975).
Barber,
Benjamin R. and Richard M. Battistoni, eds., Education for
Democracy (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt, 1993).
Boyte, Harry,
"Citizenship as Public Work and Public Freedom." In Don Eberly,
ed., Building a Community of Citizens (New York: University
Press of America, 1994).
Boyte, Harry,
"Reinventing Citizenship." In Kettering Review, Winter
1994.
Boyte, Harry,
et. al., "White Paper on the New Citizenship." In The Responsive
Community, Spring 1994.
Gross, Richard
E. and Thomas L. Dynneson, Social Science Perspectives on Citizenship
Education (New York: Teachers College, 1990).
Gutman,
Amy, Democratic Education (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1987).
Lappe, Frances
Moore and Paul Martin Du Bois, The Quickening of America
(San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc., 1994).
Morse, Suzanne
W., Renewing Civic Capacity: Preparing College Students for Service
and Citizenship. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 8. (Washington,
D.C.: School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington
University, 1989).
Service
Barber,
Benjamin R., An Aristocracy of Everyone (New York: Ballantine
Books, 1992).
Gorham,
Eric B., National Service, Citizenship, and Political Education
(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992).
Public
Arendt,
Hannah, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago,
1958).
Bellah,
Robert, et. al., Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment
in American Life (Berkeley: University of California Press,
1985).
Boyte Harry,
"The Pragmatic Ends of Popular Politics." In Craig Calhoun, ed.,
Habermas and the Public Sphere (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992).
Elshtain,
Jean Bethke, "Public Man, Private Woman" (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
Univ. Press, 1981).
Evans, Sara,
"Women's History and Political Theory: Towards a Feminist Approach
to Public Life." In Nancy Hewitt and Suzanne Lebsoci, eds., Visible
Women: New Essays on American Activism (Urbana: University
of Illinois Press, 1993).
Habermas,
Jurgen, The Transformation of the Public Sphere (Cambridge:
MIT Press, 1989).
Ryan, Mary,
Women in Public: Between Banners and Ballots, 1825-1880
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1990).
Democracy/Politics
Aristotle,
Politics, Books I, II, and IV (various).
Barber,
Benjamin R., Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a
New Age (Berkeley: University of California, 1984).
Bellah,
Robert, The Good Society (New York: Knopf, 1991).
Boyte, Harry,
"Practical Politics," in Barber and Battistoni, Education for
Democracy supra.
Crick, Bernard,
In Defense of Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1972).
Dionne,
E.J. Jr., Why Americans Hate Politics (New York: Simon
and Schuster, 1991).
Ehrenhalt,
Alan, The United States of Ambition: Politicians, Power and
the Pursuit of Office (New York: Times Book, 1991).
Elshtain,
Jean Bethke, Democracy on Trial (New York: Basic Books,
1995).
Evans, Sara,
Born for Liberty: A History of Women in America (New York:
Free Press, 1989).
Greider,
William, Who Will Tell the People?: The Betrayal of American
Democracy (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992).
Jefferson,
Thomas, Notes on the State of Virginia (New York: Norton,
1972).
Kerber,
Linda, Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary
America (New York: Norton, 1986).
Lappe, Frances
Moore, Rediscovering America's Values (New York: Ballantine,
1989).
Madison,
James, No. 10 in Madison, et. al. The Federalist Papers (various).
Mathews,
David, Politics for People (Champaign: University of Illinois,
1994).
Nash, Gary,
Race, Class and Politics: Essays on American Colonial and Revolutionary
Society (Urbana: University of Illinois, 1986).
Pitkin,
Hannah F. and Sara M. Shumer, "On Participation." In democracy
2, 1982.
Putman,
Robert D., Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern
Italy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).
Weber, Max,
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New
York: Scribner, 1958).
Weil, Simone,
Oppression and Liberty (Amherst: University of Massachusetts,
1973).
Wood, Gordon,
The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage,
1991).
Power
Alinsky,
Saul, Reveille for Radicals (New York: Vintage, 1946).
Boyte, Harry,
CommonWealth: A Return to Citizen Politics (New York: Free
Press, 1989).
Evans, Sara,
and Harry Boyte, Introduction to the revised edition of Free
Spaces: The Sources of Democratic Change in America (Chicago:
University of Chicago, 1992).
Scott, James,
Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance
(New Haven: Yale University, 1985).
Self-Interest
Boyte, Harry,
"The Politics of Everyday Life," Ch. 4 in CommonWealth,
supra.
Hirschman,
Albert, The Passions and the Interests (Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1977).
Kari, Nancy,
and Peg Michels, "The Politics of Empowerment: The Lazarus Project."
In American Journal of Occupational Therapy 45, 1991.
Freedom
Berlin,
Isaiah, "Two Conceptions of Liberty," in Michael Sandel, ed.,
Liberalism and Its Critics (New York: New York University,
1984).
Boyte, Harry,
"Public Freedom." In Thomas Moody and Richard Schmitt, eds., Alienation
and Social Criticism (New York: Humanities Press, 1993).
Ellison,
Ralph, Invisible Man (New York: McGraw, 1981).
King Richard,
"Citizenship and Self-Respect: The Experience of Politics in the
Civil Rights Movement." In Journal of American Studies
22, 1988.
Civil
Rights/Citizenship Schools
Branch,
Taylor, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-1963
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988).
Brisbane,
Robert H., Black Activism: Racial Revolution in the United
States, 1954-1970 (Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 1974).
Evans, Sara,
Personal Politics: The Roots of Women's Liberation in the Civil
Rights Movement and the New Left (New York: Knopf, 1979).
King, Jr.,
Martin Luther, Why We Can't Wait (New York: Harper and
Row, 1963).
Morris,
Aldon, The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities
Organizing for Change (New York: Free Press, 1984).
Public
Role of Professional/Professionalism
Bledstein,
Barton, The Culture of Professionalism: The Middle Class and
the Development of Higher Education in America (New York:
Norton, 1976).
Bender,
Thomas, Public Life and the Intellect (Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins, 1992).
Berger,
Peter and Richard Neuhaus, To Empower People: The Role of Mediating
Structures in Public Policy (Washington: American Enterprise
Institute, 1977).
Boyte, Harry
and Nancy Kari, "The Citizen Politics of Health: Breaking the
Iron Cage." In Dissent, Spring 1994.
Kretzmann,
John P. and John L. McKnight, Building Communities From the
Inside Out (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, 1993).
Lasch, Christopher,
Haven in a Heartless World: The Family Besieged (Basic
Books, 1977).
Polsky,
Andrew, The Rise of the Therapeutic State (Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1991).
Reich, Robert,
The Work of Nation: Preparing Ourselves for the Twenty-first
Century (New York: Knopf, 1991).
Schon, Donald,
The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action
(New York: Basic Books, 1983).
Schorr,
Lisbeth, "What Works: Applying What We Already Know About Successful
Social Policy." In The American Prospect 13, 1993.
Populism/Community
Organizing
Alinsky,
Saul, Rules for Radicals (Vintage, 1972).
Berry, Jeffrey
M., et. al., The Rebirth of Urban Democracy (Washington:
The Brookings Institution, 1993).
Bobo Kim,
et al., Organizing for Social Change: A Manual for Activists
in the 1990's (Cabin John, MD: Seven Locks Press, 1990).
Boyte, Harry,
"Populism Versus the Left." In democracy 2, 1981.
Boyte, Harry
and Frank Riessman, eds., The New Populism (Philadelphia:
Temple University Press, 1986).
Fisher,
Steven, ed., Fighting Back in Appalachia: Traditions of Resistance
and Change (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993).
Goodwyn,
Lawrence, The Populist Moment (New York: Oxford, 1978).
Hahn, Steven,
The Roots of Southern Populism (New York: Oxford, 1983).
Horowitt,
Sanford D., Let Them Call Me Rebel: Saul Alinsky, His Life
and Legacy (New York: Knopf, 1989).
Kretzmann,
John P. and John L. McKnight, Building Communities From the
Inside Out (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, 1993).
Kling, Joseph
and Prudence Posner, Dilemmas of Activism: Class, Community
and the Politics of Local Mobilization (Philadelphia: Temple
University Press, 1990).
Lasch, Christopher,
The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics (New
York: Norton, 1991).
Resource
C: More Resources
The following
is a list of resources you may find useful. The organizations
have networks and publications that may help you with your work.
This list is just a beginning—add who and what you find useful
in your work in citizenship and service.
Organizations
Education:
IDEALS Project
Nat'l Assoc. of Partners in Education
209 Madison Street, Suite 401
Alexandria, VA 22314
(703) 836-4880
Innovation
Partners
1101 Johnson Street
Menlo Park, CA 94025
(415) 322-8366
National
Youth Leadership Council
386 McNeal Hall
University of Minnesota
St. Paul, MN 55108
(612) 631-3672
Quality
Education for Minorities
1818 N. Street, NW, Suite 350
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 659-1818
Highlander
Research and Education Center
Route 3, Box 370
New Market, TN 37820
(615) 933-3443
Service
Internships and Fellowships:
Public Allies
1511 K Street, NW, Suite 330
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 638-3300
Southern
Community Partners
214 Taylor Education Building
North Carolina Central University
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 683-1840
National
and Community Service Groups:
4-H Center
for Youth Development
340 Coffey Hall
University of Minnesota
St. Paul, MN 55057
(612) 625-9700
Young People
for National Service
1511 K Street, N.W., Suite 949
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 234-2057
Points of
Light Foundation
1737 H Street, NW,
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 223-9186
Youth Service
America (YSA)
1101 15th Street NW, Suite 200
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 296-2992
This list
of organizations was compiled with information from a more comprehensive
guide in Who Cares, Spring 1994.
By the
People is based on the citizenship framework developed by Center
for Democracy and Citizenship. It draws upon and incorporates
text from the following the CDC publications:
Making
the Rules, third ed., Melissa Bass, 1994.
Reinventing Citizenship, Kathryn Stoff Hogg, ed., 1994.
The Civic Declaration, Harry Boyte, et. al., 1994.
Building Ownership: A Coach's Guide to Teaching Politics, Rebecca
Breuer and Fraser Nelson, 1992.
The Book: The Political Educator's Guide to Citizen Politics,
Kathryn Stoff Hogg, ed., 1992.
For information
on these and other publications, contact the CDC. This work also
benefits from materials written and distributed by AmeriCorps
and the Corporation for National Service.
The University
of Minnesota is an equal opportunity employer and educator. The
Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs is hospitable to a diversity
of opinions and aspirations. The Institute does not itself take
positions on issues of public policy. The contents of this report
are the responsibility of the author.
Manual
Index
Preface
Introduction: The Guide
Format and the Goals of AmeriCorps
Chapter One: The Framework:
Democracy, Citizenship, Politics and Service
Chapter Two: Encouraging (Civic) Responsibility
Chapter Three: Strengthening Community
(Capacity)
Chapter Four: Getting Things
Done
Chapter
Five: Expanding Opportunity
Resource
A: Glossary
Resource
B: Bibliography
Resource
C: More Resources
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